Saturated with hydrogen atoms because the C s only have a single bond
Pentane (C5H12)
Alkene
Replace ane with ene
Location of substituents matter. Need to locate the double bond Unsaturated because at least one pair of carbon atoms share a double bond.
Propene (CH3-CH=CH2)
Alkyne
Replace ane with yne
Location of substituents matter. Need to find the location of the triple bond. Unsaturated because at least one pair of carbon atoms share a triple bond.
Only one branch = don’t numberCH3, NH2, and OH are always number 1. We never mention the number We number all other branches. Eg: 3-chloroaniline or 2-bromotoluene
Alcohol, Phenol
Replace e in alkane with ol
Alcohol = Alkane group with OH (hydroxyl) attached to it Phenol = benzene ring with OH attached
Ether
Just write ether at the end
Has an O connected to two separate carbon atoms by single bonds
Eg: CH3-O-CH3 (dimethyl ether)
Carbonyl: aldehyde C=O
Replace the e in an alkane with al
C=O is at the end of alkane chain So the C=O is always #1. Never name the C=O location
Eg: 3-methylpentanal All other branches have to be named
Carbonyl: Ketone C=O
Replace the e in alkane with one
C=O is inside the chain, not in the end. You HAVE to number it
Eg: 4-methyl-2-pentanone.
Carboxylic acid
Replace the e in alkane with an oic acid
Has COOH group (in the end). Benzoic acid is a benzene ring with a COOH like the above. The COOH’s location is always number 1 in the benzoic acid. Every other branch has #.
Ex: 2methylbutanoic acid 3-chlorobenzoic acid
Carboxylic acid + alchohol = Ester
Alcohol name with yl in the end instead of ol. Eg: EthylCarboxylic acid: replace ic with ate. (Remember: I ate the ic)
Needs heat and a catalyst. The carboxylic acid is cutoff after the C=O bondThe alcohol is written as H-O-CH2……… it is cut after the H.The cutoff O-CH2 from the alcohol combines with the C=O. (It connects to the C, not the O)
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